On the territory of Republic of Croatia a new subspecies of land snails of the clausiliid genus Ruthenica has been found. Illustrated description is presented. New subspecies differs from other in shell shape, semi-apostrophic aperture and sculpture pattern.

Two subspecies of the schoolmaster gonate squid Berryteuthis magister (Berry, 1913) have been described to date: B. magister nipponensis Okutani et Kubodera, 1987 from the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Japan and Sea of Japan, and B. magister shevtsovi Katugin, 2000 from the Sea of Japan. The gonatid species Gonatus septemdentatus Sasaki, 1915, which was later recognized as a junior synonym of B. magister, was also described from the Sea of Japan. Comparisons among these three taxa and with the nominative subspecies using morphological and ecological features suggest that individuals of the genus Berryteuthis inhabiting the Sea of Japan belong to the species B. septemdentatus (Sasaki, 1915), which should be considered the valid name for this taxon.

The new replacement name Takashius nom. nov. is proposed to solve the homonymy between the fasciolariid genus Okutanius Kantor et al., 2018 and the hymenopteran genus Okutanius D.R. Smith, 1981.

The nominal species name “Theodoxus dniestroviensis” was commonly accepted as introduced by Put’ in 1972 for neritid snails occurring in the upper part of the Dniester River basin. Currently an earlier publication [Put’, 1957] has been found in which this name is established in accordance with the ICZN guidelines, so the dating should be amended to Put’, 1957.

The type series of Theodoxus dniestroviensis is apparently lost but the samples from the type locality were recently traced in the National Museum of Natural History of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Kiev). An illustrated comparison of topotypic specimens with other morphotypes of regional river nerites is provided. Given the variation in conchological characteristics observed among the specimens of Th. fluviatilis, we consider Th. dniestroviensis to range within its intraspecific variability. This makes Th. dniestroviensis a junior subjective synonym of Theodoxus fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758).

The first record of the eastern Mediterranean species Monacha claustralis in Western Ukraine is described, where it was found in one urban habitat of Lviv together with a conchologically similar Monacha cartusiana. Based on the results of our research and literature data, the reliability of some anatomical criteria that can be used to differentiate M. claustralis and M. cartusiana has been analyzed. A considerable variability in the length and shape of the vagina in M. cartusiana in Western Ukraine has been demonstrated, which may cause the erroneous identification of some specimens of this species as M. claustralis. The pattern of the present distribution of M. cartusiana in Western Ukraine are also characterized.

Boreotrophon oparini sp. nov., found in the Sea of Japan, off Russian Maritime Territory, is described and illustrated. The type material was sampled at a depth of 40 m (holotype) and 110 m (paratype) during the 64th expedition of R/V Akademik Oparin. Boreotrophon oparini sp. nov. is compared with the sympatric B. candelabrum and other congeneric species.

Examination of unsorted microgastropod samples collected during the joint Russia-German research “Sea of Japan Biodiversity Studies (SoJaBio) Expedition” in 2010 and preserved in the National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, resulted in the finding of six species of the family Rissoidae. Among them, “Alvania” nihonkaiensis Hasegawa, 2014 is newly recorded both in Russian waters and on the northern slope of the Sea of Japan, and Punctulum reticulatum Golikov, 1986 was rediscovered for the first time since its original description. Geographical and vertical distributions of each species and their significance are updated and discussed.

New data on the records of synanthropic slug species of Limacus maculatus and Arion vulgaris in Belarus are analyzed. It is assumed that the penetration of these species into the territory of Belarus occurred from other parts of their modern range together with the imported goods.

The study of the anatomy of Euomphalia aristata from the Western Transcaucasia showed that these populations differ from other species of the genus and from the typical populations of E. aristata from the North Caucasus in anatomy of the genitalia. E. aristata in Transcaucasia is characterized by the separation of the distal parts of the male and female sections of the reproductive system, a long oviduct, a very short proximal part of the vagina, and the location of the vaginal appendages close to the mucous glands. In E. aristata from the North Caucasus (North Ossetia), the male and female parts of the genitals are not separated in the distal part, the oviduct is short, the proximal part of the vagina has an S-shaped bend, and the vaginal appendages are located at a noticeable distance from the mucous glands. On these grounds we distinguish E. aristata in Transcaucasia as a separate species.

E. aristata was described from the vicinities of Kislovodsk that is on the northern macro-slope of the Main Caucasian Ridge; therefore, the name E. aristata is applicable to the snails inhabiting this region. For molluscs living on the southern slopes of the Caucasus Range and further south, we propose the name Euomphalia schileykoi sp. nov.

This paper describes finding of 3 specimens of Skenea profunda (Friele, 1879) in the Arctic Basin from a depth of 3700-3800 The species had been previously reliably known only from the bathyal part of the North Atlantic and is confined to communities of sunken wood. This is the second finding of a taxon obligate for such habitats in the Arctic Ocean and confirms the assumption that there is a fauna associated with wood falls on the path of the Transpolar Drift Flow in the Central Arctic.

It is proposed to exclude Stenoplax lindholmii from the list of Japanese chiton species, which turned out to be a junior synonym of S. magdalenensis. Lectotype of Chiton lindholmii is designated.

One more tiny chiton of the genus Leptochiton is described from the shallow water of the Persian Gulf. The new species Leptochiton persianus sp. n. differs from other species of the genus living on coral reefs in shape of the tail valve with subcentral mucro, long central and first lateral teeth of radula, and round median denticle of the head of the major lateral tooth.

The terrestrial snails Brephulopsis cylindrica and Xeropicta derbentina are native to steppes of the Northern Black Sea region and; X. derbentina has also initially inhabited Eastern Mediterranean, the Caucasus, and Anatolia. However, in last decades the species are increasingly reported outside of their natural range which renders them as likely invasive. The paper aims to assess the ecological suitability of adjacent habitats in terms of the molluscs invasion. We address this using species distribution modelling (SDM). The selected environment predictors for SDM included 22 environment factors such as land cover, enhanced vegetation index (EVI), altitude, and 19 bioclimatic parameters. This suggests that the area with maximum suitability extends from the natural range to the Central Danube lowland in the West and up to the Volga Upland in the Northeast. These regions have similar EVI and are largely croplands. Among the predictors, the minimum temperature of the coldest month has the greatest impact on the modelling results, which agrees with the variable being the limiting factor for the distribution of subtropical invertebrates. The study reinforces the notions that X. derbentina and B. cylindrica are likely to further expand the boundaries of their range thus posing threats to native ecosystems.

The predatory gastropod mollusk Rapana venosa is included in the list of the 100 most dangerous invasive species of the Black and Mediterranean Seas, which determines the relevance of studying the species’ local populations in the areas of introduction. The first studied Rapa whelk population in Donuzlav Bay (NW Crimea) was one of the last to form and differs from populations in other areas of the Black Sea. Based on the results of studies in 2020, the characteristics of the population structure of R. venosa inhabiting the Donuzlav Bay and the adjacent marine area are shown. The data obtained are compared with the population characteristics of the Rapa whelk from other areas of the Black Sea. It is shown that at the stage of stabilization of the metapopulation, the phenotype of the adapted “norm” R. venosa of the Black Sea was formed.

The state of three populations of the adventitious species H. pomatia was studied on the basis of conchiometric, phenetic and genetic methods. According to the obtained data, the two newly described populations from the Belgorod and Lugansk regions differ both in metric and morphological indicators, as well as in the frequencies of alleles of isoenzyme loci. The reason for such disparity may be genetic-automatic processes, natural selection in newly developed territories, as well as chaotic invasion from various localities, either from native range, or from nearby biotopes.

In 1990 I.P. Bogdanov provided the new localities for Propebela fidicula – off the Wrangel Island in the Chukchi Sea and off the eastern coast of Kamchatka [Bogdanov, 1990]. These locations were far beyond the known range of this species – from Puget Sound Bay to the Aleutian Islands [Oldroyd, 1927]. Verification of material from the ZIN collection showed that the real Propebela fidicula in Russian waters is found only near the Commander Islands. The shells that Bogdanov identified as Propebela fidicula, belong to a new species. It differs from Propebela fidicula both in sculpture and radular morphology.

The fauna of the rivers of the north of Western Siberia that do not belong to the Ob’ River basin is of particular interest from the point of view of zoogeography and understanding of the processes of formation of the freshwater malacofauna. Starting in the taiga zone, these rivers flow north and cannot serve as a way of interzonal dispersal of species from lower latitudes. However, information about the fresh-water malacofauna of these river basins is poorly presented in the scientific literature, some of the published species findings are doubtful or erroneous. The gastropod mollusks of the family Valvatidae of the Taz river basin (Western Siberia) are considered. The basin is located closer to the Yenisei than to the Ob’ River basin. The study was based on original authors’ material represented by both qualitative and quantitative samples. It has been found that eight species of mollusks of the genus Valvata occurs in the water reservoirs and streams of the Taz basin, an annotated list of species is presented, and a brief zoogeographic characteristic is given. Three species (Valvata helicoidea, V. sorensis and V. korotnevi) are for the first time recorded from the basin, one of them (V. korotnevi) is for the first time recorded from the Western Siberia waterbodies.

The terrestrial snail genus Stemmatopsis is mainly distributed in northern Vietnam and northern Laos. In total five species of Stemmatopsis are discovered, including two described herein. Stemmatopsis arcuatolabris sp. nov. has a small distorted-ovate shell with last whorl protruded quite strongly from ventral side. It has a thickened, expanded peristome with bended palatal side having a bow-like shape. Stemmatopsis dolium sp. nov., has a small, oblique-ovate shell, an approximately quadrangular aperture, and a wave-like shape at the palatal side of peristome.

The shell colour and banding were analyzed in more than 2000 specimens of Cepaea nemoralis collected in 11 localities in Moscow and the Moscow region. In the colonies studied, snails with pink shells usually predominate, most often represented by the phenotype 00000 (complete absence of the spiral bands). In most cases, yellow unbanded shells were absent or represented by single specimens. Brown shells, almost exclusively unbanded, were found only in 5 sites. On the example of colonies from Zagoryanski and Buch (Berlin), as well as Sheremetievski and Dolgoprudnyi, the phenotypic composition of newly formed colonies and colonies that could have been their origins was compared. A decrease in phenotypic diversity of newly formed colonies was noted.

The cellular composition, the morphology of the components, and the screening function and evolutionary changes of the light-insulating apparatus of the camera-like eye of the terrestrial gastropod pulmonate mollusk Arion rufus .were studied and evaluated using light and electron microscopy. According to all the considered characteristics, the light-insulating apparatus of A. rufus is typical for terrestrial pulmonate mollusks. Evolutionary transformations of the light-insulating apparatus, caused by the change in the mollusks' environment, are insignificant and affect the cellular composition, the morphology of pigmented cells and the isolation of the light-sensitive parts of photoreceptor cells from each other.